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Quantum
Wave Function
ψ(r,θ,ϕ)=R(r)⋅Yml(θ,ϕ)\psi(r,\theta,\phi)=R(r)\cdot Y_{ml}(\theta, \phi)

Wave functions are products of Radial Function

  • Rn,l(r)R_{n,l}(r) Spherical Harmonic
  • Yml(θ,ϕ)Y_{ml}(\theta, \phi)

Forms Orbitals

Absolute value of wave function squared gives probability density of finding electron inside differential volume dVdV centred on r,θ,ϕr, \theta, \phi

∣ψ(r,θ,ϕ)∣2|\psi(r,\theta,\phi)|^2

wave-function-polar

hydrogen-wave-function wave-function-polar-segment wave-function-nodes

hydrogen-electron-density

radius-electron-density-wf

Standard ModelConfinement