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Vowels

ALL VOICED Wikipedia - Vowel Sounds

Monophthong

  • Vowel whose quality does not change over the duration
  • Pure
  • Stable
  • Speech apparatus doesn’t transition

Diphthong

  • Glides from one quality to another
  • Gliding
  • Two targets
    • Tongue and/or other parts of speech apparatus
      • Moves between
  • No highway cowboy
  • Often when separate vowels glide naturally in natural speech
    • Also unitary diphthongs as above
      • Heard as single phoneme

File:Belgian Dutch diphthongs chart.svg File:Orsmaal-Gussenhoven Dutch centering diphthongs chart.svg

Triphthong

  • Three qualities
    • [aʊ̯ə̯], hour
    • [aɪ̯ə̯], fire
    • [ɔɪ̯ə̯], employer, “loir”

Hiatus

  • Contrast a diphthong
  • Two adjacent vowel sounds that don’t glide
    • Occur in different syllables
    • Re-elect
    • Hiatus
      • Hiatus and diphthong

File:Cardinal vowel tongue position-front.svg

Stress & Reduction

  • Stress
    • Phonemic
    • Distinguishable
    • Insight/incite
    • Increase/increase
      • Noun or verb
      • Initial-stress-derived-noun
        • Stress to first syllable
        • Turns verb into noun
  • Unstressed
    • Reduced vowels
    • Central vowel
      • Schwa
      • ə
      • Most common
      • A - about
      • E - synthesis
      • O - harmony
      • U - medium
      • I - decimal

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